Major : English for Education
Name : SUN PISETH
Room : 311
Shift : Evening, Batch 14th
Academic Year 2018-2019
Glossary
1. Accuracy : The production of spoken or written language which does not contain
errors.
2. Achievement test : A test based on the work learners have done during a course.
3. Activity : Something learners do in order to promote learning e.g a speaking
activity or reading comprehension activity.
4. Affix : Letter added to beginning or ends of words to change the meaning.
E.g unhappy, movement...
5. Aim : What the teacher and learners plan to achieve. This can be in a course
or in a lesson.
6. Assumed knowledge :When planning a lesson, this is the language a teacher assumes the
students at this level will already know.
7. Antonym : A word that has the opposite meaning to another. E.g. quick and slow.
8. Auditory Learning Style : Learning best when using listening stimuli such as spoken language,
music, and sounds.
9. Appropriacy : The choosing of language which has the right level of formality for.
the situation and relationship between the speakers
10. Authentic material/ : A lent taken from a real life source. E.g a newspaper article, an article
11. Authentic lento from a TV programmed, and used in class without being simplified.
12. Autonomous Learning : When students take responsibility to learn independently outside
class.
13. Back Reference : Use of pronoun to refer back to something or someone already
mentioned. E.g the girl was unhappy, she had been waiting for almost
half an hour.
14. Choral drill : Teacher led repetitive, practice involving the whole class.
15. Coherence : The linking of past of a text(.e.g. paragraphs) so that the text makes
sense
16. Cohesion : Linking sentences and phrases to create connected text.
17. Collocation : The way in which words are used together. E.g do + the washing up
(not* make + the washing up)
18. Colloquial : conversational informal.
19. Concept question : a question the teacher asks to check that students understand the
meaning of new language.
20. Connected speech : Spoken language is which individual words sometime link up.
21. Consolidation : An activity where students review and integrate the points taught a
lesson or review of lesson. This is often a writing activity at the
end of a lesson.
end of a lesson.
22. Consonant : The letters of the English alphabet excluding vowels: l,e.d.f. Etc.
23. Context : The background to and situation in which use have read, or use
language
24. Contraction : The short form of verb as used in informal writing. An apostrophe is
used to represent the missing letter(s). E.g where’s Hanny? He’s gone
to London__he will be back tomorrow.
25. Controlled Practice : A form of practice which focused on the target language and is
designed to provide maximum repetition which minimum errors.
26. Connection code : A set of symbols and letters used by a teacher to make the kinds of
errors in a learner’s written work: “s” for spelling errors etc.
27. Diagnostic test : A test intended to find out gaps a student’s knowledge.
28. Dictation : An activity in which a text is read out loud and the learner write it
down as accurately as possible.
29. Discrete item test : A test which tests understanding of specific language points. E.g
when to use “a” and when to use “the”.
30. Drill : Teacher led repetitive, oral practice to give students pronunciation
practice.
31. Elicit : Asking learners to provide a response. The response could be part of
exchange( would you like to have lunch?-- I’d love to.). Provide
information(what’s the capital of South Korea?--Seoul.). And so on.
32. ELT : English Language Teaching.
33. Error : Inaccurate form or use of language.
34. Exponent : The way a function is expressed. E.g Would you like to....? Is an
Exponent for making an offer.
35. Extensive reading : Reading a long text such as a short book or reader for pleasure, with
attention to overall meaning, Compare intensive reading.
36. Extrinsic : Relating to external factors such as social pressure or institutional
requirements(examinations and qualifications)
37. Feedback : response to what learners say and do.
38. Fluency : Producing spoken language without unnecessary pauses, false starts,
or repetition.
39. Focus on form : Deifying how language structures are formed.
40. Free practice : Practice activities where learners have more choice of the language
they use and the aim is to develop fluency, also known as production.
41. Function : What we do with language , e.g. apologize, explain.
42. Gap Fill : An activity is which learners are used to provide individual word
missing in text.
43. Genre based writing : teaching learners how to produce a particular text type, or genre (e.g a
thank you letter a business report, or an article), by providing an example text and helping the learners to notice the structure of the
text and the language typical to the genre.
text and the language typical to the genre.
44. Gist : The general idea of a text.
45. Grading : The order in which things are usually organized in a syllabus, from
the simplest to the more complex.
46. Group work : A practice activity involving three or more learners.
47. Idiom : A group of words with a figurative meaning. E.g a mountain of work
mean “ a lot of work”
48. Idiomatic : idiomatic language use idioms and so cannot be interpreted life sally.
49. Information gap activity : a pair or group work activity where students have different
information which they must share in order to complete a last.
50. Integrated skills : Describes classroom activities which combine a variety of language
Skills.
51. Intrinsic : relating to internal factors such as wh.
52. Integrative test : an activity which test many areas of language at one( vocabulary,
collocation, and grammar points, as well as pronunciation
and fluency in the case of speaking tasks)
53. Intensive reading : reading a short text with attention to detail compare extensive reading.
54. Interaction pattern : The ways in which learners and teacher communicate with each
other. E.g pairs, groups, whole class.
55. Intonation : The ways a speaker’s voice falls or rises to show meaning and
emotion.
56. Input : Language read or heard by learners.
57. Jazz chant : A short rhyme or chant with a string beat used to help learners get
used to the conduction or connected speech.
58. Kinesthetic learning style : Learning test when using movement.
59. Lead-in(warm up) : Activity used at the beginning of a lesson to get the learner’s
attention, simulate their interest and curiosity, and start them thinking
and speaking in English.
60. Lexical item : A piece of vocabulary, can be a word or a phrase.
61. Lexical set : A group of words that all relate to the same topic. E.g dress hat and
shirt are all members of the lexical set clothing.
62. Lexis : The words and phrase of a particular language.
63. Linker : A word which links idea in a sentence. E.g and, but, Moreover.
64. Mind map : A diagram used to show ideas linked to a theme with the theme placed
at the center and ideas around it.
65. Mingling activities : Information gap activities where the whole class interact informally.
66. Minimal pair : Two words with one difference in sound, e.g hit/heat, read/lead,
hat/hut.
67. Monitor : To listen to the students to cheer their use of the language.
68. Narrative : A description of a series of events.
69. Object : In the sentence he was wearing a sweater, the noun phrase a sweater
is the object or direct object. The object usually come after the verbs.
70. Pair work : An activity involving two learners practice a particular skill or a
language item.
71. Peer convection : One learners coveting anther. Compare self-connection.
72. Phoneme : The individual rounds in a language are its phonemes.
73. Phonetic script : A system of symbols used in written text to represent phonemes.
74. Phrasal Verb : A verb + adverb combination. E.g I got up early. Did you turn off the
heating?
75. Placement test : A test given to students at the beginning of the course to determine
their language level and which class is best of them.
Compare progress test and diagnostic test.
76. PPP : Stands for Presentation-Practice-Production: a lesson model based on
target language presented at the beginning of the lesson.
77. Prefix : An affix at the beginning of a word to change its meaning. E.g
inaccurate. Compare suffix.
78. Presentation : First focus on new language items, intended to clarify form and
function.
79. Process writing : Dividing the writing activity into stages, each of which practices a
rule skill.
80. Production : See free practice.
81. Production Skills : Writing and speaking: the skills which involve language production
rather than internal response to language.
82. Productive Vocabulary : Vocabulary which a learner can produce when speaking or writing.
83. Proficiency test : A test which will show how a good student is at using or
understanding language.
84. Progress test : A test given during a course to see how far a learner’s language ability
has improved. Compare diagnostic test and placement test.
85. Pyramid discussion : A discussion technique which learners discuss questions working in
group of first two, then four, then eight learners.
86. Realia : Real objects such as packaging, magazines, objects, stamp.
87. Recast : To convert a learner’s error by repeating it but with the convert form.
88. Receptive skills : Reading and listening: the skills which involve internal response to
language rather than language production.
89. Receptive Vocabulary : Vocabulary which a learner can understand by listening or reading by
can not produce readily in speaking and/or
90. Recycle/Review : To revise things previously studied and relate them to what is being
currently studied.
91. Register : Variation in style in which a person speaks or writes depending on the
formality of the situation.
92. Remedial work : Work designed to helps learners overcome gaps and error in their
English
93. Role Play : An activities in which learners take on different parts and act a
situation.
94. Scanning : Reading a test quickly to find specific information.
95. Schema of work : A teaching plan for a series of lessons.
96. Schwa : The phonetic symbol/ə/ used to show an unstressed vowel.
97. Self-access center : A room with resources that the students can use for autonomous
learning.
98. Self-Convection : When a student covets his or her own mistakes either spontaneously
or with direction and support from the teacher.
99. Simulation : A particular type of role play where the students takes on roles in a
location.
100. Skills : Each of the four major modes of communication, reading, writing,
listening and speaking. See receptive productive skill.
101. Skimming : Reading a text quickly to get general idea or gist.
102. Stress : Where the emphasis is placed on a word or sentence when speaking.
E.g the first syllable of telephone is stressed-/ ‘tslsfəvn/.
Example of sentence stress is I love you.
103. STT : Student talking time: Class time dedicated to the learning talking, as
opposed to the teacher.
104. Subject : In the sentence the ship rail in an hour, the noun phrase the ship is the
subject.
105. Substitution : A teacher controlled form of a practice where the teacher get the
Drill/Practice : learners to produce sentences of the same grammatical structure with same elements charge, e.g My jacket and My watch is
about 2 year old.
106. Substitution Tulle : An illustration on the blackbead of a grammatical pattern showing the
elements that can be substituted compose substitution drill.
107. Suffix : Letter added to the end of a word to change its function, e.g happily
compare prefix.
108. Syllable : A unit of speech which can be made up of single vowel, e.g. a, or a
combination of vowels and consonants e.g. caught.
109. Syllabics : A plan or program for a course, specifying content, sequence, and
often methodology.
110. Synonym : A word that has a similar meaning to another, e.g. quick and fast.
111. Target language : The language that learners are aiming to learn. In a lesson plan, this
may by a structure, a function or lexis.
112. Task : A activity which has a purpose(other than that of using the target
language) and an outcome, e.g. during a class survey of leisure
activities to find out the most popular pastime.
113. (TBL) : A lesson sequence cantered around a task or series of task that the
Task-Based-Learning : student carry out.
114. Test-Teach-Test : A lesson in which students are first given a task to carry out unaided
to see how will they can do it (test). This is followed by language
input(teach) and practice and then by repetition of the task
or a similar task(test).
115. Text : An example of the target. These can be spoken texts__conversation,
speech, quotes, and so on… or written texts__
a newspaper article, a short story, a report, a composting etc
116. Transcript : A written copy of a spoken text( generally used after a listening test).
117. TTT : Teacher Talking Time: class time where the teacher is talking usually
giving instruction, giving feedback, etc.
118. Verb : In the sentence the parcel arrived yesterday, the word arrived is a
verb. Verbs are words like make, talk except carry, discover.
There are also the auxiliary verb be, have , and do
and modal verb, e.g can, should.
119. Warm-up : See lead-in.
120. Weak form : A weak form is produced when a vowel sound like the/æ/ sound in
have is not stressed, as in the sentence How many sisters have you got?
121. Word field : A group of words related to the same topic, e.g catch, emission, ozone
layer, polluting, increasing might all be part of the
word-field environment.
Grammar Terminology Table.
122. Noun : A word such as, apple, a information which can follow word the.
123. Proper noun and : A proper noun is a name, e.g Jessica, New York. It begins with a
Common noun: capital letter and does not normally have a determiner such as a or the.
Other nouns are common nouns, e.g talk, business, mistake, treatment.
124. Collective noun : A noun referring to a group. E.g audience, class, gang, team.
125. Compound noun : There are nouns made up of more than one word. E.g town hall,
football match, sometime the words are written together.
E.g girlfriend.
126. Countable noun : A countable noun can be either regular or plural and can be used with
a/an. E.g a bag, three house some trees, see also uncountable noun.
127. Uncountable noun : There are noun like flower, equipment, advice, that can’t be counted
and have no plural form.
128. Noun phrase : A group of words that function as a noun. E.g the cafe we went to last
night was lovely.
129. Pronoun : Pronoun stand for nouns. E.g instead of Jonh saw the cat we can
write. E.g He saw the cat.
130. Subject pronoun : I, you, he,she,it,we,they are subject pronoun. E.g I love you.
131. Object pronoun : me,you,him,her,it,us,them. they are object pronoun. E.g I love you.
132. Possessive pronoun : Mine,yours,hers,its,ours,yours. Theirs are possessive pronoun. E.g
That cat is mine.
133. Reflexive pronoun : Myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves.
E.g I made it
134. Relative pronoun : Who,whom,which,where,that,are relative pronoun. E.g A
choreographer is a person who creates dance routines.
135. Verb : In the sentence the parcel arrived yesterday, the word arrived is a
verb. Verbs are words like make, talk except carry, discover.
136. Main verb : A main verb carried the main meaning in a sentence. E.g I clean my
teeth twice a day.
137. Auxiliary verb : There are the verbs do, have, and be, which are added to main verbs to
make a question. E.g Do you want to go swimming? A negative.
E.g I don’t think so, different aspects of the verb, e.g Has
anybody seen my pen? The passive, e.g The accidents
was reposted in the papers, and emphatic forms,
e.g she does talk about him a lot.
138. Modal verb : The modal verb are can, could, must, need, should, ought,
may, might, will, would, and shall. E.g I can drive,
we should support the idea. A modal verb always has the same form.
139. Transitive verb : A verb that has an object e.g we enjoyed the meal, The postman
brings the letters.
140. Intransitive verb : An intransitive verb can’t have an object, e.g the parcel arrived, it can
have a adverb or adverbial phrase after it. E.g The police
appeared eventually; Let’s go to the party.
141. Verb tense and aspect : The tense is a form of the verb which show whether we are talking
about the present, e.g I play, he know, or the past, e.g I played, the knows, we were. The various combinations of tense and aspect
can also called tenses, e.g I have played is the present perfect
tense.
142. Passive and active : A passive sentence has a verb form verb with be and a past participle.
E.g My coat was stolen; the windows are being cleaned. Compare the
active sentence someone stole my coat and we’re cleaning the windows.
143. Regular/Irregular verb : A regular verb is the same am most other: if follow the normal
pattern. The verb call has a regular past tense and past participle called, but the verb sing has an irregular past tense and
past participle: sing,sang,sung.
144. Participle : The past participle is used after have in perfect tense. E.g They have
arrived, How long has he knows? The present participle is the _ing
form of the verb. E.g I was working, and in other structure.
E.g He lay on the bed reading.
145. Gerund : The_ing form of the verb used like a noun. E.g railing if fun, I’ve
given up smoking.
146. Infinitive : The infinitive is the base form of the verb. E.g They let us stay the
night. We often use it with to. E.g They invited us to stay the night,
and the to_ infinitive is often used an affective
(e.g it's good to see you), after certain verb, and to express
purpose( e.g I came here to see you).
147. Phrasal verb : A phrasal verb is a verb + adverb combination. E.g I got up early;
Did you turn off the heating?
148. Adjective : An adjective is a word like big,new,special,famous. Used to describe
something.
149. Comparative adjective: An adjective form with_es or more used to compare thing with
another. E.g My ice cream is bigger than yours.
This chair is more comfortable than that one.
150. Reparative adjective : An adjective form with_est or the most used to make a comparison.
E.g This is the biggest ice cream I’ve seen, which is the most
comfortable chair of these three?
151. Adverb : In the sentence the time passed slowly, the word slowly is an adverb.
Adverb express ideas such as how, when, or where something
happens, or how true something is.
152. Adverb of time : Early,late in the morning, etc. Ex. she go up late after the party.
153. Adverb if place : In, on under, between, apposite, in front of, etc. Ex. There a lot of
cows in the countryside.
154. Adverb of manner : Happily,sadly,quickly,terrilly, etc. Ex. she smiled happily, common
irregular form include she dances well( not* goodly);
He runs very fast(not*fastly).
155. Adverb of frequency : Always, often, sometimes,never,usually,hardly,ever, etc. e.g. The
news is always on TV at 10:00pm at home.
156. Adverb of degree : extremely, very,fairly,etc. Ex. That firm was extremely funny.
157. Adverbial phrase : An adverbial phrase is either an adverb on its, own, e.g. Carefully,
often, or an adverb which in modified by an adverb of degree, e.g.
Very carefully, more often.
158. Preposition : A preposition is a word like on,to,by,or with. It is usually followed by
noun phrase. E.g on the water, to the left.
159. Preposition of time : In,on,at, etc. e.g On Monday, at the weekend, in July.
160. Preposition of place : In, on, in front of, behind, next to, etc. e.g the children are playing
next to.
161. Preposition of movement: A cross, along, into, out of, etc. e.g Never run across the road.
162. Other : For,with,of, etc. e.g come with me.
163. Prepositional Phrase : A prepositional phrase is a preposition + noun phrase, e.g in the
studio; from Australia, or a preposition + adverbial phrase,
e.g I’ve got an interview on Thursday.
164. Determiner : A word that can come before a noun to form a noun phrase, e.g A
photo, the result, my old friend, this week.
165. Definite article : The word (the).
166. Indefinite article : The word a or an.
167. Quantifier : A word that says how many or how much, e.g all the books, some
milk, half of the students, enough money.
168. Demonstrative : This, that, these, and those are demonstrative determines or pronouns,
e.g I like this building more than that one.
169. Possessive : The words my, your, his, her, its, our, yours, their used before a noun,
e.g my flat, her name.
170. Conjunction : A word such as and, but, because, when, or, that, which, links two
clauses, e.g I believe that it’s true.
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